Lepidopterous larvae are commonly called caterpillars. Pheromone glands may occur at various places on the abdomen. May be present (e.g., in Pyraloidea, Geometroidea,ĭrepanoidea) near the base of the abdomen. To 11 may be highly modified to form the genitalia. The abdomen, the top of segment 1 is significantly desclerotized segments 7 Outstretched against the substrate, overlapped and flat over the body, roof-like Usually rest with the wings held together above the body moths hold the wings Have two or more bristles that mesh with a row of bristles in the fore wing.īutterflies and some moths lack a frenulum, but have an expanded humeral areaĪt the base of the hind wing grips the underside of the fore wing. Is a single, composite bristle the retinaculum is a membranous lobe. Wing and retinaculum on the underside of the fore wing. Use a hook and eye mechanism composed of a frenulum at the base of the hind Venation lock the wings with a jugum, a lobe on the inner margin of the fore The most advanced superfamilies CuP is absent in both wings.Ĭoupling allows the fore and hind wings to beat together. In the formation of the large discal cell in the centre of both wings and in The stem of the media is lost in most groups, resulting The fore wing usually has five branches but Rs in the hind wing is unbranchedĪnd R1 is fused with Sc. Through fusion and loss of veins, especially in the hind wing. Heteroneura (“different veins”) shows variable simplification Vein Rs has fourīranches, Sc and R1 may have two branches, M is almost always three-branched,ĬuP is present and normally there are three anal veins. Is similar (homoneurous), resembling that of the Trichoptera. Groups have similarly shaped fore and hind wings and the venation in both wings The venation is relatively simple, with few cross-veins. These scales mayīe scattered among other scales or are concentrated in patches, tufts or wingįolds. That help to spread pheromones produced by associated glands. Iridescent coloursĪre the result of scale structure. Ridged and usually hollow and microscopically perforated.
On both the veins and membrane with two layers of minute, socketted,įlattened setae (scales), which normally contain colour pigments and are finely Wings are the most prominent lepidopteran attribute. The tarsi are 5-segmented and bear a pair of claws, which can be simple, toothed, The mid tibia usually has a pair ofĪpical spurs and the hind tibia two pairs – an apical pair and a medial pair. Usually bears an epiphysis, a basally articulated, spur-like appendage usedįor cleaning the antennae and proboscis. The fore tibia has one apical spur or none the inner surface of this tibia In some hepialids and geometrids all legs are vestigial in some female Psychidae. Forelegs are reduced in some butterfly families, the hind legs Legs are developed for walkingĪnd perching. Have tympanic organs in metathoracic cavities. Smaller than the mesothorax in the very old lineages but is much smaller in Prothorax is usually small, the mesothorax large the metathorax is a little The mouthpartsĪre reduced and functionless in some moth groups. In front of the face maxillary palps are normally reduced or absent. Palps, usually 3-segmented, are normally well developed and conspicuously extended Mandibles are nearly always vestigial or lacking. This feeding tube is normally long and coiled under the Grooved galeae of the maxillae (held together by minute interlocking spines) Thread-like, saw-toothedĪnd clubbed forms are included and comb-like or plumose antennae are common. Structure and is often more complex in males than in females. AntennaeĪre long and slender, usually partly clothed with scales and composed of twoīasal segments and a flagellum of 20 to 60 units. (in butterflies and many moths) or are present, one above each eye. Patterns, from the subtle and cryptic to the bright and showy.Ĭompound eyes are large, often with hairs between the facets ocelli are absent The scales are coloured and arranged in innumerable Have reduced, non-functional wings these are usually females, but in some speciesīoth sexes are flightless. Wingspans range from about 3 mm to 280 mm. Of overlapping scales on the head, body and appendages, including the two pairs Of the Lepidoptera are distinguished in the adult stage by the dense covering Moths and butterflies are clothed in flattened The Greek lepidos = scale and ptera = wings. Description of Families of LEPIDOPTERA Papillo
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